class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Visualization using ggplot2 ] .author[ ### Lars Relund Nielsen ] --- layout: true <div class="my-footer"> <span> <a href="https://bss-osca.github.io/tfa/mod-r-plot" target="_blank">Notes</a> | <a href="14_r-plot-slides.html" target="_blank">Slides</a> | <a href="https://github.com/bss-osca/tfa/blob/master/slides/14_r-plot-slides.Rmd" target="_blank">Source</a> | <a href="https://rstudio.cloud/spaces/426101/content/6689208" target="_blank">Posit Cloud</a> </span> </div> --- ## Data visualization > *"The simple graph has brought more information to the data analyst's mind than any other device." --- John Tukey* - Data visualization is the creation and study of the visual representation of data. - There are many tools for visualizing data (R is one of them), and many approaches/systems within R for making data visualizations (**ggplot2** is one of them, and that's what we're going to use). --- ## ggplot2 a part of tidyverse .pull-left[ <img src="img/ggplot2-part-of-tidyverse.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ - **ggplot2** is tidyverse's data visualization package - The `gg` in "ggplot2" stands for Grammar of Graphics - It is inspired by the book **Grammar of Graphics** by Leland Wilkinson ] --- ## Grammar of Graphics A grammar of graphics is a tool that enables us to concisely describe the components of a graphic <img src="img/grammar-of-graphics.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .footnote[ Source: [BloggoType](http://bloggotype.blogspot.com/2016/08/holiday-notes2-grammar-of-graphics.html)] --- ## An example ```r ggplot(data = starwars, mapping = aes(x = height, y = mass)) + geom_point() + labs(title = "Mass vs. height of Starwars characters", x = "Height (cm)", y = "Weight (kg)") ``` ``` ## Warning: Removed 28 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`). ``` <img src="img/r-plot-unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- .question[ - What are the functions doing? - What is the dataset being plotted? - Which variable is on the x-axis and which variable is on the y-axis? - What does the warning mean? ] ```r ggplot(data = starwars, mapping = aes(x = height, y = mass)) + geom_point() + labs( title = "Mass vs. height of Starwars characters", x = "Height (cm)", y = "Weight (kg)" ) ``` ## Warning: Removed 28 rows containing missing values (geom_point). --- ## Hello ggplot2! - `ggplot()` is the main function in ggplot2 - Plots are constructed in layers - Structure of the code for plots can be summarized as ```r ggplot(data = [dataset], mapping = aes(x = [x-variable], y = [y-variable])) + geom_xxx() + other options ``` - To use ggplot2 functions, first load tidyverse ```r library(tidyverse) ``` - For help with the ggplot2, see [ggplot2.tidyverse.org](http://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/) --- class: middle # Visualizing Star Wars Let us consider the R markdown document. 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